<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/">
  <channel>
    <title>date &amp;mdash; Wheat and Honey</title>
    <link>http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:date</link>
    <description>No stories, no sponsorships, no ads. Just good food. </description>
    <pubDate>Sun, 19 Apr 2026 06:12:16 +0000</pubDate>
    <item>
      <title>Pety Pernauntes</title>
      <link>http://wheatandhoney.recipes/pety-pernauntes</link>
      <description>&lt;![CDATA[Period: England, 1300s-1400s&#xA;Sources: a href=&#34;https://medievalcookery.com/recipes/petypernauntes.html&#34; target=&#34;_blank&#34;Medieval Cookery/a&#xA;&#xA;Crust:&#xA;1 cup semola flour&#xA;1 Tbsp sugar&#xA;1 tiny pinch of saffron&#xA;1/8 tsp salt&#xA;6 Tbsp butter&#xA;1/4 cup water&#xA;&#xA;Filling:&#xA;6 egg yolks&#xA;1 Tbsp water&#xA;1/2 tsp gelatin&#xA;1/4 cup sugar&#xA;1/2 tsp powdered ginger&#xA;1/4 cup minced dates&#xA;1/4 cup minced raisins, dried currant berries, or similar&#xA;&#xA;For the crust: Stir together the flour, sugar, saffron, and salt. Cut in the butter until it creates moist crumbs, leaving some small chunks of butter. Stir in the water, forming a dough. Wrap the dough in plastic wrap and chill it in the fridge while making the filling.&#xA;&#xA;Preheat oven to 350° F.&#xA;&#xA;Dissolve the gelatin in the water. Beat together the egg yolks, gelatin, sugar, and powdered ginger until the mixture is very light, as light as you can reasonably get it. Then stir in the dates and raisins.&#xA;&#xA;Divide the crust dough into 12 pieces, 6 of them slightly smaller than the others. Roll the larger balls out into circles and line 6 cups in a mini tart pan. Put about 2 Tbsp of filling into each cup--there will be a little extra, so divide it evenly. Then roll the smaller balls of dough to make top crusts. Leave a little bit of space, if you can, between the filling and the top crust.&#xA;&#xA;Bake for 35-40 minutes, until the crust is golden brown.&#xA;&#xA;#butter #date #dessert #driedfruit #eggyolk #gelatin #ginger #historical #pie #raisin #saffrom #salt #semolaflour #sugar]]&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Period: England, 1300s-1400s
Sources: <a href="https://medievalcookery.com/recipes/petypernauntes.html" target="_blank">Medieval Cookery</a></p>

<p>Crust:
1 cup semola flour
1 Tbsp sugar
1 tiny pinch of saffron
1/8 tsp salt
6 Tbsp butter
¼ cup water</p>

<p>Filling:
6 egg yolks
1 Tbsp water
½ tsp gelatin
¼ cup sugar
½ tsp powdered ginger
¼ cup minced dates
¼ cup minced raisins, dried currant berries, or similar</p>

<p>For the crust: Stir together the flour, sugar, saffron, and salt. Cut in the butter until it creates moist crumbs, leaving some small chunks of butter. Stir in the water, forming a dough. Wrap the dough in plastic wrap and chill it in the fridge while making the filling.</p>

<p>Preheat oven to 350° F.</p>

<p>Dissolve the gelatin in the water. Beat together the egg yolks, gelatin, sugar, and powdered ginger until the mixture is very light, as light as you can reasonably get it. Then stir in the dates and raisins.</p>

<p>Divide the crust dough into 12 pieces, 6 of them slightly smaller than the others. Roll the larger balls out into circles and line 6 cups in a mini tart pan. Put about 2 Tbsp of filling into each cup—there will be a little extra, so divide it evenly. Then roll the smaller balls of dough to make top crusts. Leave a little bit of space, if you can, between the filling and the top crust.</p>

<p>Bake for 35-40 minutes, until the crust is golden brown.</p>

<p><a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:butter" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">butter</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:date" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">date</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:dessert" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">dessert</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:driedfruit" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">driedfruit</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:eggyolk" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">eggyolk</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:gelatin" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">gelatin</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:ginger" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">ginger</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:historical" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">historical</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:pie" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">pie</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:raisin" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">raisin</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:saffrom" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">saffrom</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:salt" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">salt</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:semolaflour" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">semolaflour</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:sugar" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">sugar</span></a></p>
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      <guid>http://wheatandhoney.recipes/pety-pernauntes</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Aug 2025 22:51:44 +0000</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Medieval Chicken Pie</title>
      <link>http://wheatandhoney.recipes/medieval-chicken-pie</link>
      <description>&lt;![CDATA[img src=&#34;https://wheatandhoney.recipes/images/txtmedievalchickenpie.jpg&#34;&#xA;&#xA;(Medieval-inspired. Medieval-probable.)&#xA;&#xA;Use a 9&#34; deep dish pie tin. You also want a meat thermometer.&#xA;&#xA;Pie crust:&#xA;&#xA;3/4 cup butter&#xA;2 cups whole wheat pastry flour or semola flour&#xA;1/2 cup water&#xA;1/4 tsp salt&#xA;beaten egg whites&#xA;&#xA;Filling:&#xA;&#xA;2 Tbsp honey&#xA;1/2 cup dried fruits, minced (such as raisins, blueberries, prunes, cherries, figs, dates)&#xA;1 Tbsp ground cinnamon&#xA;3 egg yolks&#xA;2 Tbsp minced nuts&#xA;1 cup carrots, finely chopped&#xA;3/4 cup fennel bulb and stalk, finely chopped&#xA;2 cups chicken, cut into about 1&#34; cubes&#xA;1/2 tsp salt&#xA;1/2 tsp pepper&#xA;1 tsp thyme&#xA;1/2 tsp mace&#xA;&#xA;Set the oven to 350° F and put the chicken in to cook while you make the crust and chop the vegetables.&#xA;&#xA;Crust:&#xA;Cut the butter into the flour until it is crumbly and there is no more dry powder. Dissolve the salt in the water, and stir into the flour to make a soft dough. Knead it a bit to get it all together. Form a ball, wrap in plastic wrap, and place in fridge to chill until hard.&#xA;&#xA;Stir together all the filling ingredients.&#xA;&#xA;When the crust dough is hard, divide it in half. Place a piece of waxed paper on the counter, and sprinkle with flour. Roll out half the dough to a circle big enough to fit in the pie tin. It should be somewhat thick crust. Place the tin upside-down on the dough, and flip it over with the dough and waxed paper to get the dough inside. Remove the waxed paper and press the dough down into the tin.&#xA;&#xA;Spread the filling into the pie crust.&#xA;&#xA;Roll out the rest of the crust dough in the same way, using the waxed paper to lift it and place it on the top of the pie. Trim the edge of the crust and pinch the top and bottom together.&#xA;&#xA;Brush the beaten egg whites onto the crust. Make a cool design on the top crust with the remaining dough! Make sure there are some cuts in the top crust. Brush the design with egg whites as well.&#xA;&#xA;Bake for about 45 minutes, until the internal temperature reaches or exceeds 165° F.&#xA;&#xA;Variation:&#xA;Use 1/2 cup bacon and 1/2 cup chicken. Use parsnips instead of carrots. Use puff pastry instead of pie crust.&#xA;&#xA;#bacon #blueberry #butter #carrot #cherry #chicken #cinnamon #date #driedfruit #eggwhite #eggyolk #fairyfeast #fennel #fig #historical #honey #mace #main #nuts #parsnip #pepper #pie #prune #raisin #salt #semola #thyme #wheatflour]]&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img src="https://wheatandhoney.recipes/images/txtmedievalchickenpie.jpg"></p>

<p>(Medieval-inspired. Medieval-probable.)</p>

<p>Use a 9” deep dish pie tin. You also want a meat thermometer.</p>

<p>Pie crust:</p>

<p>¾ cup butter
2 cups whole wheat pastry flour or semola flour
½ cup water
¼ tsp salt
beaten egg whites</p>

<p>Filling:</p>

<p>2 Tbsp honey
½ cup dried fruits, minced (such as raisins, blueberries, prunes, cherries, figs, dates)
1 Tbsp ground cinnamon
3 egg yolks
2 Tbsp minced nuts
1 cup carrots, finely chopped
¾ cup fennel bulb and stalk, finely chopped
2 cups chicken, cut into about 1” cubes
½ tsp salt
½ tsp pepper
1 tsp thyme
½ tsp mace</p>

<p>Set the oven to 350° F and put the chicken in to cook while you make the crust and chop the vegetables.</p>

<p>Crust:
Cut the butter into the flour until it is crumbly and there is no more dry powder. Dissolve the salt in the water, and stir into the flour to make a soft dough. Knead it a bit to get it all together. Form a ball, wrap in plastic wrap, and place in fridge to chill until hard.</p>

<p>Stir together all the filling ingredients.</p>

<p>When the crust dough is hard, divide it in half. Place a piece of waxed paper on the counter, and sprinkle with flour. Roll out half the dough to a circle big enough to fit in the pie tin. It should be somewhat thick crust. Place the tin upside-down on the dough, and flip it over with the dough and waxed paper to get the dough inside. Remove the waxed paper and press the dough down into the tin.</p>

<p>Spread the filling into the pie crust.</p>

<p>Roll out the rest of the crust dough in the same way, using the waxed paper to lift it and place it on the top of the pie. Trim the edge of the crust and pinch the top and bottom together.</p>

<p>Brush the beaten egg whites onto the crust. Make a cool design on the top crust with the remaining dough! Make sure there are some cuts in the top crust. Brush the design with egg whites as well.</p>

<p>Bake for about 45 minutes, until the internal temperature reaches or exceeds 165° F.</p>

<p>Variation:
Use ½ cup bacon and ½ cup chicken. Use parsnips instead of carrots. Use puff pastry instead of pie crust.</p>

<p><a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:bacon" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">bacon</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:blueberry" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">blueberry</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:butter" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">butter</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:carrot" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">carrot</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:cherry" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">cherry</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:chicken" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">chicken</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:cinnamon" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">cinnamon</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:date" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">date</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:driedfruit" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">driedfruit</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:eggwhite" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">eggwhite</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:eggyolk" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">eggyolk</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:fairyfeast" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">fairyfeast</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:fennel" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">fennel</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:fig" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">fig</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:historical" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">historical</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:honey" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">honey</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:mace" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">mace</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:main" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">main</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:nuts" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">nuts</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:parsnip" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">parsnip</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:pepper" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">pepper</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:pie" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">pie</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:prune" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">prune</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:raisin" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">raisin</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:salt" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">salt</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:semola" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">semola</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:thyme" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">thyme</span></a> <a href="http://wheatandhoney.recipes/tag:wheatflour" class="hashtag"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">wheatflour</span></a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
      <guid>http://wheatandhoney.recipes/medieval-chicken-pie</guid>
      <pubDate>Sun, 20 Jul 2025 19:46:34 +0000</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Apothermum</title>
      <link>http://wheatandhoney.recipes/apothermum</link>
      <description>&lt;![CDATA[This is an ancient Roman dish.&#xA;&#xA;Makes 2 servings.&#xA;&#xA;img src=&#34;https://wheatandhoney.recipes/images/txtapothermum.jpg&#34;&#xA;&#xA;½ cup farina (if you can&#39;t find plain farina, use unflavored cream of wheat or malt-o-meal)&#xA;1 cup water&#xA;1 Tbsp pine nuts&#xA;2 Tbsp blanched almonds&#xA;2 Tbsp raisins&#xA;¼ cup prune juice or grape juice&#xA;dates&#xA;figs&#xA;extra nuts of desired variety&#xA;&#xA;Simmer the juice over low heat until it is reduced to half. Set aside.&#xA;&#xA;Over low heat, whisk together the farina and water. Add the pine nuts and almonds. Cook, stirring, until it reaches desired thickness. (I like it really thick and solid, some want it thinner.)&#xA;&#xA;Stir the raisins and juice into the farina.&#xA;&#xA;Mince the dates and figs, and crush the nuts. Serve in bowls with the fruit and nuts on top.&#xA;&#xA;I got together with a friend to do some experimental Roman cooking. &#xA;&#xA;The recipe we used interpreted apothermum as a pudding. I found a second recipe that considers it a sauce for meat. However, in the original text, apothermum is in the minced dishes chapter, not the sauce chapter. The two different translations are interesting. One recipe comes up with forcemeats, the other says nuts and fruit. (Latin is weird because isn&#39;t it all, &#34;We&#39;re pretty sure this word means this&#34; because there are no original speakers?)&#xA;&#xA;Here are the recipes:&#xA;&#xA;a href=&#34;http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Apicius/2.html&#34; target=&#34;blank&#34;Pudding recipe/abr /&#xA;div class=&#34;start center&#34;&#xA;biSpelt or Farina Pudding&#xA;Apothermum&#xA;&#xA;iBoil spelt with /ispan style=&#34;color: #3d85c6;&#34;Tor. pignolia/spani nuts and peeled almondsa class=&#34;ref&#34; href=&#34;http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Apicius/2.html#57note1&#34; name=&#34;57ref1&#34;1/a span style=&#34;color: #6fa8dc;&#34;span class=&#34;emend&#34;[span class=&#34;manuscript emend&#34;G.‑V./span and]/span/span immersed in span style=&#34;color: #6fa8dc;&#34;span class=&#34;emend&#34;boiling/span/span water and washed with white clay so that they appear perfectly white, add raisins, span style=&#34;color: #6fa8dc;&#34;span class=&#34;emend&#34;flavor with/span/span condensed wine or raisin wine and serve it in a round dish with crusheda class=&#34;ref&#34; href=&#34;http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Apicius/2.html#57note2&#34; name=&#34;57ref2&#34;2/a span style=&#34;color: #6fa8dc;&#34;span class=&#34;emend&#34;nuts, fruit, bread or cake crumbs/span/span sprinkled over it.a class=&#34;ref&#34; href=&#34;http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Apicius/2.html#57note3&#34; name=&#34;57ref3&#34;3/a/i&#xA;div class=&#34;prose&#34;&#xA;span style=&#34;font-size: x-small;&#34;ia class=&#34;note&#34; href=&#34;http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Apicius/2.html#57ref1&#34; name=&#34;57note1&#34;1/a&#xA;span class=&#34;manuscript&#34;V./span We peel almonds in the same manner; the white clay treatment is new to us.&#xA; /i/spanbr /&#xA;span style=&#34;font-size: x-small;&#34;ispan class=&#34;manuscript&#34;G.‑V./spanspan class=&#34;emend&#34;:/span span class=&#34;source&#34;and/span — which is confusing.&#xA;/i/spanbr /&#xA;span style=&#34;font-size: x-small;&#34;ia class=&#34;note&#34; href=&#34;http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Apicius/2.html#57ref2&#34; name=&#34;57note2&#34;2/a&#xA;The original: span class=&#34;Latin&#34;confractum/span — crushed, but what? span class=&#34;manuscript&#34;G.‑V./span pepper, for which there is neither authority nor reason. A&amp;nbsp;wine sauce would go well with it or crushed fruit. span class=&#34;manuscript&#34;List./span and span class=&#34;manuscript&#34;Goll./span Breadcrumbs.&#xA;/i/spanbr /&#xA;span style=&#34;font-size: x-small;&#34;ia class=&#34;note&#34; href=&#34;http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Apicius/2*.html#57ref3&#34; name=&#34;57note3&#34;3/a&#xA;This is a perfectly good pudding —&amp;nbsp;one of the very few desserts in &#xA;Apicius. With a little sweetening (supplied probably by the condensed &#xA;wine) and some grated lemon for flavor it is quite acceptable as a &#xA;dessert.&#xA;/i/span/div/i/b&#xA;&#xA;For clarification, the blue text in the first recipe are extrapolations added to the recipe by the translator. The footnotes are also by the translator, and some refer to the text of a different translation.&#xA;&#xA;a href=&#34;http://www.celtnet.org.uk/recipes/roman/fetch-recipe.php?rid=roman-apotherium&#34; target=&#34;blank&#34;Sauce recipe/abr /&#xA;iTo make Apothermum: Boil spelt with small nuts and blanched almonds. &#xA;The almonds should previously been have been soaked in water with the &#xA;chalk used as polish, so that they are perfectly white. To this add &#xA;raisins and defritum or raisin wine. Sprinkle with ground pepper and &#xA;serve in a bowl [with prepared forcemeats]./ibr /&#xA;br /&#xA;a href=&#34;http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Apicius/apire02.html&#34;i&amp;nbsp;Latin text:/i/abr /&#xA;i10. Apothermum sic facies: alicam elixa nucleis et amygdalis depilatis et in aqua infusis et lotis ex creta argentaria, ut ad candorem pariter perducantur. cui ammiscebis uvam passam, caroenum vel passum, desuper ‹piper› confractum asparges et in boletari inferes. /ibr /&#xA;&#xA;As you see, the first recipe says that it&#39;s spelt or farina. Not sure where they&#39;re getting the farina bit, but, in my opinion, that would provide a way better texture than the boiled spelt berries that we tried the first time. &#xA;&#xA;I looked up raisin wine to determine exactly what I needed to try for (because I don&#39;t use alcohol), and it&#39;s a sweet dessert wine. Defritum is a sweet syrup made by reducing grape juice (hence the translation into &#34;condensed wine&#34;).&#xA;&#xA;I like that the second recipe says small nuts, which may not need to be pine nuts. Is &#34;small nuts&#34; the actual ancient Roman name for pine nuts? The translator for the first recipe seems obsessed with pine nuts because he specifies them pretty much anytime nuts are mentioned. &#xA;&#xA;The nuts, fruit, bread or cake crumbs_ bit from the first recipe is hypothesized by the translator; so apparently no one really knows what the crushed stuff is that goes on the dish. I like the nuts/fruit idea.&#xA;&#xA;I liked it. It is like eating fancied-up cream of wheat, which is basically exactly what it is.&#xA;&#xA;#almond #breakfast #dairyfree #date #farina #fig #fruitjuice #grapejuice #historical #nuts #pinenut #prunejuice #pudding #raisin #vegan]]&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is an ancient Roman dish.</p>

<p>Makes 2 servings.</p>

<p><img src="https://wheatandhoney.recipes/images/txtapothermum.jpg"></p>

<p>½ cup farina (if you can&#39;t find plain farina, use unflavored cream of wheat or malt-o-meal)
1 cup water
1 Tbsp pine nuts
2 Tbsp blanched almonds
2 Tbsp raisins
¼ cup prune juice or grape juice
dates
figs
extra nuts of desired variety</p>

<p>Simmer the juice over low heat until it is reduced to half. Set aside.</p>

<p>Over low heat, whisk together the farina and water. Add the pine nuts and almonds. Cook, stirring, until it reaches desired thickness. (I like it really thick and solid, some want it thinner.)</p>

<p>Stir the raisins and juice into the farina.</p>

<p>Mince the dates and figs, and crush the nuts. Serve in bowls with the fruit and nuts on top.</p>

<h3 id="i-got-together-with-a-friend-to-do-some-experimental-roman-cooking" id="i-got-together-with-a-friend-to-do-some-experimental-roman-cooking">I got together with a friend to do some experimental Roman cooking.</h3>

<p>The recipe we used interpreted apothermum as a pudding. I found a second recipe that considers it a sauce for meat. However, in the original text, apothermum is in the minced dishes chapter, not the sauce chapter. The two different translations are interesting. One recipe comes up with forcemeats, the other says nuts and fruit. (Latin is weird because isn&#39;t it all, “We&#39;re pretty sure this word means this” because there are no original speakers?)</p>

<p>Here are the recipes:</p>

<p><a href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Apicius/2*.html" target="_blank">Pudding recipe</a><br/>
<div class="start center">
<b><i>Spelt or Farina Pudding
Apothermum</p>

<p><i>Boil spelt with </i><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Tor. pignolia</span><i> nuts and peeled almonds<a class="ref" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Apicius/2*.html#57note1">1</a> <span style="color: #6fa8dc;"><span class="emend">[<span class="manuscript emend">G.‑V.</span> and]</span></span> immersed in <span style="color: #6fa8dc;"><span class="emend">boiling</span></span> water and washed with white clay so that they appear perfectly white, add raisins, <span style="color: #6fa8dc;"><span class="emend">flavor with</span></span> condensed wine or raisin wine and serve it in a round dish with crushed<a class="ref" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Apicius/2*.html#57note2">2</a> <span style="color: #6fa8dc;"><span class="emend">nuts, fruit, bread or cake crumbs</span></span> sprinkled over it.<a class="ref" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Apicius/2*.html#57note3">3</a></i>
<div class="prose">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><a class="note" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Apicius/2*.html#57ref1">1</a>
<span class="manuscript">V.</span> We peel almonds in the same manner; the white clay treatment is new to us.
 </i></span><br/>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="manuscript">G.‑V.</span><span class="emend">:</span> <span class="source">and</span> — which is confusing.
</i></span><br/>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><a class="note" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Apicius/2*.html#57ref2">2</a>
The original: <span class="Latin">confractum</span> — crushed, but what? <span class="manuscript">G.‑V.</span> pepper, for which there is neither authority nor reason. A wine sauce would go well with it or crushed fruit. <span class="manuscript">List.</span> and <span class="manuscript">Goll.</span> Breadcrumbs.
</i></span><br/>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><a class="note" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Apicius/2*.html#57ref3">3</a>
This is a perfectly good pudding — one of the very few desserts in
Apicius. With a little sweetening (supplied probably by the condensed
wine) and some grated lemon for flavor it is quite acceptable as a
dessert.
</i></span></div></i></b></p>

<p>For clarification, the blue text in the first recipe are extrapolations added to the recipe by the translator. The footnotes are also by the translator, and some refer to the text of a different translation.</p>

<p><a href="http://www.celtnet.org.uk/recipes/roman/fetch-recipe.php?rid=roman-apotherium" target="_blank">Sauce recipe</a><br/>
<i>To make Apothermum: Boil spelt with small nuts and blanched almonds.
The almonds should previously been have been soaked in water with the
chalk used as polish, so that they are perfectly white. To this add
raisins and defritum or raisin wine. Sprinkle with ground pepper and
serve in a bowl [with prepared forcemeats].</i><br/>
<br/>
<a href="http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Apicius/api_re02.html"><i> Latin text:</i></a><br/>
<i>10. Apothermum sic facies: alicam elixa nucleis et amygdalis depilatis et in aqua infusis et lotis ex creta argentaria, ut ad candorem pariter perducantur. cui ammiscebis uvam passam, caroenum vel passum, desuper ‹piper› confractum asparges et in boletari inferes. </i><br/></p>

<p>As you see, the first recipe says that it&#39;s spelt or farina. Not sure where they&#39;re getting the farina bit, but, in my opinion, that would provide a way better texture than the boiled spelt berries that we tried the first time.</p>

<p>I looked up raisin wine to determine exactly what I needed to try for (because I don&#39;t use alcohol), and it&#39;s a sweet dessert wine. Defritum is a sweet syrup made by reducing grape juice (hence the translation into “condensed wine”).</p>

<p>I like that the second recipe says small nuts, which may not need to be pine nuts. Is “small nuts” the actual ancient Roman name for pine nuts? The translator for the first recipe seems obsessed with pine nuts because he specifies them pretty much anytime nuts are mentioned.</p>

<p>The <em>nuts, fruit, bread or cake crumbs</em> bit from the first recipe is hypothesized by the translator; so apparently no one really knows what the crushed stuff is that goes on the dish. I like the nuts/fruit idea.</p>

<p>I liked it. It is like eating fancied-up cream of wheat, which is basically exactly what it is.</p>

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]]></content:encoded>
      <guid>http://wheatandhoney.recipes/apothermum</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 12 Jul 2025 17:45:42 +0000</pubDate>
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]]></content:encoded>
      <guid>http://wheatandhoney.recipes/ingredient-tags</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Jun 2024 02:03:10 +0000</pubDate>
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