Wheat and Honey

nuts

½ cup sour cream ¼ tsp baking soda 1 egg, beaten ¼ cup oil 3 Tbsp milk ¼ cup honey 2 cups flour 3 tsp baking powder 1 tsp salt ½ cup chopped hazelnuts extra honey ground nutmeg

Preheat oven to 425° F.

Stir together the baking soda and sour cream in a small bowl. Stir in the egg, oil, milk, and honey.

In a large bowl, sift together the flour, baking powder, and salt. Pour the wet ingredients into the flour and stir until it is just moistened. Stir in the hazelnuts.

Place dough on a lightly floured surface and knead a few times until it is together and smooth.

Place a piece of baking parchment on a baking sheet and place the dough on, pressing it into a large circle about 1” thick. Drizzle more honey on top, then sprinkle with nutmeg. Cut the circle into 8 or 12 wedges.

Bake for 15-20 minutes.

#bakingpowder #bakingsoda #egg #hazelnut #honey #milk #nutmeg #nuts #oil #salt #scone #snack #sourcream #vegetarian #wheatflour

This is an ancient Roman dish.

Makes 2 servings.

½ cup farina (if you can't find plain farina, use unflavored cream of wheat or malt-o-meal) 1 cup water 1 Tbsp pine nuts 2 Tbsp blanched almonds 2 Tbsp raisins ¼ cup prune juice or grape juice dates figs extra nuts of desired variety

Simmer the juice over low heat until it is reduced to half. Set aside.

Over low heat, whisk together the farina and water. Add the pine nuts and almonds. Cook, stirring, until it reaches desired thickness. (I like it really thick and solid, some want it thinner.)

Stir the raisins and juice into the farina.

Mince the dates and figs, and crush the nuts. Serve in bowls with the fruit and nuts on top.

I got together with a friend to do some experimental Roman cooking.

The recipe we used interpreted apothermum as a pudding. I found a second recipe that considers it a sauce for meat. However, in the original text, apothermum is in the minced dishes chapter, not the sauce chapter. The two different translations are interesting. One recipe comes up with forcemeats, the other says nuts and fruit. (Latin is weird because isn't it all, “We're pretty sure this word means this” because there are no original speakers?)

Here are the recipes:

Pudding recipe

Spelt or Farina Pudding Apothermum

Boil spelt with Tor. pignolia nuts and peeled almonds1 [G.‑V. and] immersed in boiling water and washed with white clay so that they appear perfectly white, add raisins, flavor with condensed wine or raisin wine and serve it in a round dish with crushed2 nuts, fruit, bread or cake crumbs sprinkled over it.3

1 V. We peel almonds in the same manner; the white clay treatment is new to us.
G.‑V.: and — which is confusing.
2 The original: confractum — crushed, but what? G.‑V. pepper, for which there is neither authority nor reason. A wine sauce would go well with it or crushed fruit. List. and Goll. Breadcrumbs.
3 This is a perfectly good pudding — one of the very few desserts in Apicius. With a little sweetening (supplied probably by the condensed wine) and some grated lemon for flavor it is quite acceptable as a dessert.

For clarification, the blue text in the first recipe are extrapolations added to the recipe by the translator. The footnotes are also by the translator, and some refer to the text of a different translation.

Sauce recipe
To make Apothermum: Boil spelt with small nuts and blanched almonds. The almonds should previously been have been soaked in water with the chalk used as polish, so that they are perfectly white. To this add raisins and defritum or raisin wine. Sprinkle with ground pepper and serve in a bowl [with prepared forcemeats].

 Latin text:
10. Apothermum sic facies: alicam elixa nucleis et amygdalis depilatis et in aqua infusis et lotis ex creta argentaria, ut ad candorem pariter perducantur. cui ammiscebis uvam passam, caroenum vel passum, desuper ‹piper› confractum asparges et in boletari inferes.

As you see, the first recipe says that it's spelt or farina. Not sure where they're getting the farina bit, but, in my opinion, that would provide a way better texture than the boiled spelt berries that we tried the first time.

I looked up raisin wine to determine exactly what I needed to try for (because I don't use alcohol), and it's a sweet dessert wine. Defritum is a sweet syrup made by reducing grape juice (hence the translation into “condensed wine”).

I like that the second recipe says small nuts, which may not need to be pine nuts. Is “small nuts” the actual ancient Roman name for pine nuts? The translator for the first recipe seems obsessed with pine nuts because he specifies them pretty much anytime nuts are mentioned.

The nuts, fruit, bread or cake crumbs bit from the first recipe is hypothesized by the translator; so apparently no one really knows what the crushed stuff is that goes on the dish. I like the nuts/fruit idea.

I liked it. It is like eating fancied-up cream of wheat, which is basically exactly what it is.

#almond #breakfast #dairyfree #date #farina #fig #fruitjuice #grapejuice #historical #nuts #pinenut #prunejuice #pudding #raisin #vegan

3 egg whites 2/3 cup sugar ½ tsp vanilla extract 1/8 tsp almond extract ¼ cup corn starch 1 1/3 cup finely chopped nuts

Preheat oven to 300° F. Warm egg whites over hot water. Combine egg whites, vanilla, and almond extract, and beat until soft peaks form. Slowly pour the sugar in while beating at high speed. Beat until stiff peaks form. In another bowl, mix together corn starch and nuts. Beat into the egg whites at low speed. Drop by spoonfuls onto a greased baking sheet. They don't spread, so you can place them close together on the sheet. Bake for 30-35 minutes. Remove from pan immediately and cool on a wire rack.

#almond #cookie #cornstarch #dairyfree #dessert #eggwhite #glutenfree #nuts #sugar #vanilla #vegetarian

1 cup grated apple 2 cups grated carrot 2 tsp fennel seeds 1 cup chopped pears ½ cup chopped celery ½ cup chopped nuts ½ cup grated cheese 1 tsp lavender buds ¼ cup plain yogurt

Combine all ingredients and chill.

#apple #carrot #celery #cheese #fennel #glutenfree #lavender #nuts #pear #salad #side #vegetarian #yogurt

¼ cup corn starch ¼ cup chopped raw nuts 2 cups milk, cream, buttermilk, or nut milk 1 ½ cups chopped apples 1 ½ cups chopped pear ¼ c honey ½ tsp cinnamon 1/8 tsp ginger pinch of ground cloves pinch of salt pinch of nutmeg

Mix the corn starch, nuts, milk, apples, pears, and honey in saucepan and bring slowly to a simmer. Cook, stirring for 5-8 minutes. Remove from heat and stir in cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg and salt. Can be served warm or chilled.

#apple #buttermilk #cinnamon #cloves #cornstarch #cream #dairyfree #dessert #ginger #glutenfree #honey #milk #nutmeg #nutmilk #nuts #pear #pudding #salt #vegetarian

A classic and old-fashioned frosting that's thick and marshmallowy.

½ cup sugar ¼ cup corn syrup 2 Tbsp water 2 egg whites 1 tsp vanilla

Mix sugar, corn syrup and water in a saucepan. Cover, heat to a rolling boil over medium heat. Uncover and keep boiling rapidly until it reaches 242 on a candy thermometer, or it forms a firm ball which holds its shape until pressed when dropped in cold water.

As mixture boils, beat egg whites until stiff peaks form. Pour the hot syrup very slowly in a thin stream into the egg whites, beating constantly on medium speed. Add vanilla, beat on high speed until stiff peaks form. Variations

Cherry Nut: Stir in ¼ cup candied cherries and ½ cup chopped nuts.

Chocolate Revel: Stir in ½ cup semisweet chocolate chips or 1 ounce of baking chocolate, coarsely grated.

Cocoa: sift ¼ cup cocoa over finished frosting and fold in.

Fruity: Use any fruit juice instead of water.

Honey: Use honey instead of corn syrup.

Lemon: Substitute 1 Tbsp lemon juice for the vanilla and beat in ¼ tsp lemon zest.

Maple Pecan: Stir ¼ tsp maple flavoring and ½ cup chopped pecans into Satiny Beige frosting (below).

Peppermint: stir in 1/3 cup coarsely crushed peppermint candy, or ½ tsp peppermint extract.

Pineapple: Substitute 1 tsp lemon vest for the vanilla, and stir in 1 can (8 ounces) of crushed pineapple, drained.

Pink Mountain: Use maraschino cherry juice instead of water.

Raisin Nut: Stir in ¼ cup chopped raisins and ¼ cup finely chopped nuts.

Satiny Beige: Use packed brown sugar instead of of white sugar and use ½ tsp vanilla instead of 1 tsp

Tea: Use any kind of strongly brewed tea instead of water.

Tutti Frutti: Fold in chopped nuts and dried and candied fruits equal to ¼-½ cup.

#brownsugar #candiedfruit #chocolatechips #cocoa #cornsyrup #dairyfree #dessert #driedfruit #eggwhite #frosting #fruitjuice #glutenfree #honey #lemonjuice #lemonzest #nuts #pecan #pineapple #raisin #sugar #tea #vanilla #vegetarian

From Legend of Luke, these scones are meant to resemble the bricks from which the abbey is built.

1 cup flour 1 cup oats 1/8 tsp salt ¼ cup butter 2 Tbsp crystallized honey ½ cup chopped nuts ½ cup preserved cherries with juice, or fresh cherries, pitted and mashed, or cherry jam, or cherry pie filling allspice

Optional colorants: 1 Tbsp beet juice, or beet powder, or mashed red berries (strawberries, raspberries, cranberries), or berry juice

Preheat oven to 425 ° F.

Stir flour, oats, and salt into a bowl. Cut in butter and honey until it resembles breadcrumbs. Add nuts, cherries, and optional ingredients. Add a few tablespoons more juice if necessary to make a dough, but not too sticky.

Turn onto a floured surface and knead a little until it's cohesive. Place the dough on a baking sheet that is either greased or lined with parchment, and roll or press it into a rectangular shape. Cut it into smaller rectangles. Sprinkle allspice on top.

Bake for 10 minutes.

#allspice #beet #butter #cherry #cranberry #fairyfeast #fruitjuice #honey #jam #nuts #oats #raspberry #salt #scones #snack #strawberry #vegetarian #wheatflour

2 ¾ cup flour 4 tsp baking powder 1 tsp salt 3 Tbsp Olive oil 3 Tbsp Coconut oil or butter 1 ½ cup milk

Preheat oven to 450° F.

Stir the flour, baking powder and salt together. Cut in the butter, or grate it & stir it in. Stir in the milk. For whole wheat flour, you might need 1 or 2 more Tbsp of milk. It should be a very soft, sticky dough. Drop by large spoonfuls onto a greased or lined baking sheet. Bake for 12 minutes. Makes 12.

Variations:

Reduce the salt to ½ tsp. Add a bit of honey or sugar, and other things like nuts, oats, and dried fruit to make scones.

Use olive oil instead of butter. Add 1 tsp rosemary and 1 tsp black pepper and roll out into thin pizza crusts (recipe is enough for 2 medium-large pizzas). It makes a nice crackery crust.

Make vegan by using coconut oil instead of butter and water instead of milk. The biscuits still turn out soft and fluffy.

Add ¾ cup of grated cheese.

#bakingpowder #biscuit #butter #cheese #coconutoil #driedfruit #honey #milk #nuts #oats #oliveoil #pepper #rosemary #salt #scone #side #sugar #vegan #vegetarian #wheatflour

2 tsp yeast 2 tsp sugar, brown sugar, honey, molasses, or maple syrup 1 cup warm water 1 cup warm milk or nut milk 4 Tbsp butter 1 ½ cups rolled oats ¾ cup chopped nuts (optional) 3 tsp salt 3 cups flour

In a large bowl, combine yeast, sugar, and warm water.

When the yeast becomes foamy, stir in the warm milk and butter. Stir in the oats, then the nuts if using, then the salt. Stir in the flour one cup at a time.

Knead the dough, using more flour as necessary, until the dough is relatively smooth, not sticky, and resistant. Coat the dough with oil, place in a large oiled bowl, and cover it with plastic wrap. Let rise in a warm place for 30-40 minutes.

Knead the dough gently and form into a smooth loaf. Place in a bread pan. Coat the top of the dough with oil and cover loosely with plastic wrap. Let rise for 30-40 minutes. Preheat oven to 350° F. Bake for 1 hour.

#bread #brownsugar #butter #honey #maplesyrup #milk #molasses #nutmilk #nuts #oats #salt #sugar #vegetarian #wheatflour #yeast

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